The Argentine Republic is a country in South America, situated between the Andes peaks in the west and the southern Atlantic Ocean in the east and south. It is bordered by Paraguay and Bolivia in the north, Brazil and Uruguay in the northeast, and Chile in the west and south. It also claims the British overseas territories of the Falkland Islands (Spanish: Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. Under the name of Argentine Antarctica, it claims around 1,000,000 square kilometres (386,000 sq. mi) of Antarctica, overlapping other claims by Chile and the United Kingdom. By area, it is the second largest country of South America after Brazil and the 8th largest country in the world.

The country is formally named Rep¨²blica Argentina (Argentine Republic), while for purposes of legislation the form Naci¨®n Argentina (Argentine Nation) is used.Following independence from Spain in 1816, Argentina experienced periods of internal political conflict between conservatives and liberals and between civilian and military factions. After World War II, a long period of Peronist authoritarian rule and interference in subsequent governments was followed by a military junta that took power in 1976. Democracy returned in 1983, and has persisted despite numerous challenges, the most formidable of which was a severe economic crisis in 2001-02 that led to violent public protests and the resignation of several interim presidents.Origin and history of the nameThe name Argentina derives from the Latin argentum (silver). The first Spanish conquistadors called the River Plate the R¨ªo de la Plata ("River of Silver"). Indigenous people gave silver gifts to the survivors of the shipwrecked expedition, who were led by Juan D¨ªaz de Sol¨ªs. The legend of Sierra del Plata ¡ª a mountain rich in silver ¡ª reached Spain around 1524. The name Argentina was first used in Ruy D¨ªaz de Guzm¨¢n's 1612 book Historia del descubrimiento, poblaci¨®n, y conquista del R¨ªo de la Plata (History of the discovery, population, and conquest of the R¨ªo de la Plata), naming the territory Tierra Argentina (Land of Silver

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